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- As of version 4.1.0, BitTorrent now includes "trackerless" operation.
- While it is called trackerless, in practice it makes every client a
- lightweight tracker. A clever protocol allows clients to efficiently
- store and retrieve ip-address/port information for torrents.
-
- When generating a torrent, you can choose to utilize the trackerless
- system or a traditional dedicated tracker. A dedicated tracker allows
- you to collect statistics about downloads and gives you a measure of
- control over the reliability of downloads. The trackerless system
- makes no guarantees to reliability but requires no resources of the
- publisher. The trackerless system is not consulted when downloading a
- traditionally tracked torrent.
-
- The trackerless protocol runs over UDP. If you are forwarding a TCP
- port on your firewall to enhance BitTorrent operation you should also
- forward the same UDP port. Many NAT devices, including wireless
- access points and DSL routers, automatically forward UDP ports. Even
- if your particular arrangement doesn't allow for reliable service to
- others in the trackerless protocol, your client should still be able
- use the system to find peers.
-
- Each client in the trackerless system maintains a routing table of
- some of the other clients in the system. No client has a complete
- directory of every other client in the system, it is distributed among
- all clients. To find another client, an iterative protocol is used to
- find closer and closer clients, until the desired one is found.
- Before this process can be started, the routing table must contain at
- least one valid entry. Clients acquire the contact information of
- other clients during the course of normal use, but a newly installed
- client has no contacts and no way of entering the network.
-
- There are two ways a newly installed client obtains contacts for the
- trackerless system. The first is through tracked torrents. When
- connected to another BitTorrent client that supports the trackerless
- system, the peers will exchange contact information for the
- trackerless system. The other way to get bootstrapped into the
- trackerless system is by using contact information stored in
- trackerless torrent files. When you create a trackerless torrent,
- contact information from your routing table is automatically included
- to help newly installed clients with no contacts. An alternative is
- to include the contact information of known stable clients or special
- "routing" clients. A routing client doesn't provide torrent tracking
- service, it only provides contact information. When specifying the
- contact information for a trackerless torrent, separate the IP address
- and port with a colon and separate contacts with a comma
- i.e. "router.bittorrent.com:6881, 127.0.0.1:8080"
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